语言学导论术语汉译..

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汉译,语言学,导论,术语

A-bar movementA-棒儿移位) 306 Ablaut(元音交替) 164

Abney, S.(人名,阿伯尼) 360 accent (see phrasal stress)(重读) accusative case (宾格)248, 251, 2656, 356, 3601

accusative possessors in Child English(儿童英语中宾格性领属者)35961 accusative subjects儿童英语中宾格性主语) in Child English3558

in infinitive clauses(非定式小句) 251 acquired language disorders(获得性语言错乱) 13, 213

acquisition of language(语言的获得) (see also developmental linguistics发展语言学)) 408

acrolect(上层方言) 234 activation in psycholinguistics心理语言学中的激活作用) 202, 209

active articulator(主动性发音器官) 31 active voice(主动语态) 137

additions in speech errors(言语失误中的追加) 115

Adger, D. (人名,阿杰尔)267 adjacency pairs(邻接对) 401

adjectives(形容词) 130 comparative form of (形容词)的比较级形式)130

and derivational morphology(形容词)派生形态学) 144

dimensional程度(形容词) 1756, 177, 179

incorporation(形容词)并入) 161 in language acquisition(语言习中的)形容词) 187

superlative form of (形容词的最高级)130

adjuncts(附加语)249, 331 adverbs(副词) 130, 144

Affected Object(蒙受性宾语) 3345 affix(词缀) 140

Affix Attachment(词缀附接) 273, 319 affricates(塞擦音) 29

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

(非裔美国人英语方言土语)

agreement inAAVE的一致关系) 233, 237

double negation inAAVE的双重否定) 297

empty T inAAVE中的空语类T 2712 inversion inAAVE中的倒装) 31113 possessives inAAVE中的所有格或属格) 237

age and variation in language use(年龄与语言运用中的变异) 2356

age-graded sociolinguistic variables(与年龄段相关的社会语言学变量) 16 Agent(施事) 305, 333, 3345

agglutinating languages(黏着语) 1567 agrammatism(语法缺失) (see also Broca’s aphasia(布洛卡失语症)) 21417,37782, 385, 408

comprehension errors in(语法缺失中的理解错误) 215, 21617, 37880

production errors in(语法缺失中的发音错误) 21516, 378

agreement (一致关系)135, 137, 1445, 233, 248

in AAVEAAVE中的一致关系) 233, 237 in complement clauses补语小句中的一致关系) 251

in East Anglian English(东央格鲁英语的一致关系) 233

in EMEEME中的一致关系) 320 operations in syntax(句法中一致关系演算或操作) 2645, 2678, 306, 345, 407 in SLISLI中的一致关系) 219, 385 in south western English (东南部英语的一致关系)233

allomorphs(语素变体)152 allomorphy(语素音位变化) 1512 lexically conditioned(词汇制约的语素音位变化) 152

phonologically conditioned(音系制约的语素音位变化) 152, 220

plural(复数的语素音位变化) 1889 third person singular present(第三人称单数现在时的语素音位变化) 220


allophones(音位变体)77

allophonic variation(音位的变化) 77 allophony(音位变化) 77

alternation in phonology(音系(学)中的交替) 26, 835, 90, 152

alveolars(齿龈音) 30, 109

alveopalatals齿 (see palato-alveolars)

ambiguity (see also structural ambiguity(结构歧义)) 5, 232

amelioration in semantic change(语义变化中的改进现象) 231

American English美国英语 55, 63, 71, 227 A-movement(论元移位) 306 Ancient Egyptian(古埃及人) 119 Antecedent(先行语) 277

local for reflexives(约束反身代词的局部先行语) 2778

anterior as phonological feature(作为音系特征的前部性) 86, 413

anticipations in speech errors(言语错失中的先兆) 115, 117

antonyms(反义词) 176, 208, 209 antonymy反义关系,反义现象) 176, 1778 aphasia(失语症) 1113, 21319 selective impairment in(失语症中的缺陷或障碍 选择性) 213

apophony (元音交替,元音弱化)(see ablaut) apparent-time method视时方法后手段) 16, 66

approximant as phonological feature(无擦通音作为音系特征) 412

approximants(无擦通音) 33

in child phonology(儿童音系中的无擦通音) 1004

Arabic (阿拉伯语)81, 224

arbitrariness of the linguistic sign(语言符号的任意性) 205

argument movement (see A-movement)

arguments(论元) 130, 247

Armenian alphabet(亚美尼亚字母或文字) 119

Articles(冠词) ( see also determiners(限

定语)) 130, 133

Ash, S. (人名,阿施)237 aspect (体)252 perfect(完成(体) 252, 261 progressive(进行(体) 252

aspirated as phonological feature送气作为音系特征) 87, 413

aspiration(送气音) 35, 757, 8790, 901 assimilation(同化现象) (see also harmony(和谐发音)) 5

in Farsi Farsi中的同化现象) 49 partial(部分同化) 100 target of (同化对象)100 total(整体同化) 100

trigger for(同化的触发者) 100 audience design(面向受众的设计) 534, 409

Austin, J. L. (人名,奥斯汀)394

Australian English(澳大利亚英语 62, 64, 71, 227

auxiliary copying in children(儿童语言中的助动词拷贝) 295

auxiliary inversion(助动词倒装) 2946 auxiliary verbs(助动词) 133 difficulties with in SLI特定语言障碍中助动词使用上的困难) 219, 385 dummy(假性助动词) 319

errors in SLI SLI中助动词的错失)385 as finite T(助动词作为定式的T 259, 261

and gapping(助动词和空位) 272 perfect (完成体)136

progressive(进行体) 136

babbling(婴儿发出的咿哑声) 96 back as phonological feature(后部(音)作为音系特征) 413

backtracking in parsing(切分中的回溯法) 373

back vowels(后元音) 36, 10910 Bailey(贝利), B. 313 Bantu(班图语) 156

bare nominals(光杆名词性成分) 2845 in Child English(儿童英语中的光杆名词型成分) 3589


base form of verbs(动词的基础形式/基式) 147

basic level of categorisation(范畴化的基本层级) 1946, 226, 232 in Wernicke’s aphasia维尼克失语症中范畴化的基本层级) 21718 basilect(下层方言) 235 behaviourism(行为主义) 115 Belfast(贝尔法斯特) 51

Belfast English(贝尔法斯特英语300 Bell(贝尔), A. 53

Bengali(孟加拉人(的),孟加拉语(的) 712, 87

Berko(拨库), J. 189

Bidialectalism(双方言现象) 409 Bilabials(双唇音) 30

Bilingualism(双语现象) 409 Binarity(二分性)

of parametric values(参数值的二分性) 314, 317, 320, 321, 325,349, 351 of phonological features音系特征的二分性) 85

blends(融合) 2078, 209 in paragrammatism(语法倒错性言语障碍中融合现象) 382

Bloom(布龙姆), L. 355

body of tongue (舌面)(see dorsum) borrowing(借用) 2245

bound morphemes(粘着语素) 140

in aphasia (失语症者话语中的)216 in SLI(特定语言损伤中的) 21921 bound variable interpretation of pronouns(约束代词阐释的变量)3424 bound word(粘着词) 150 Bradford(布莱德福德) 478 Braine, M.(人名) 351 Bresnan, J. (人名)246

British English ( see also Contemporary Standard English) 62 , 69 70, 71,2278, 230

broad transcription(宽式标音) 76 Broca, P. (人名)12

Broca’s aphasia (see also agrammatism) 214 17, 37782

Broca’s area (布洛卡区)12 Brown, R. (人名)189 Bucholtz, M. (人名)51 Bulgarian (保加利亚语)85 calque(仿造,语义转借) 225 Cambodian (柬埔寨语)38

Canadian English (加拿大英语2278 Cantonese (广东话,粤语)79, 81 Cardiff (加迪夫,地名)53

Caribbean English(加勒比式英语 66 case (see also genitive case(属格), nominative case(主格),objective case(宾格)) 248

assignment of(格指派) 264, 2656, 2678, 345, 3568,3601

errors in agrammatism (语法缺失中的格错误)216

errors in SLI(特定语言损伤中的格错误) 385

(拉丁语中的格)in Latin 158 marking in Child English(儿童英语中的格标记) 3558

structural(结构格) 356

in Turkish(土耳其语中格) 158 categorical perception(范畴感知) 113 causative verb(致使动词) 2745

Celtic languages(凯饵特语族语言) 164 central vowels(央元音) 36

centre-embedding象) 370, 3734

cerebral cortex(大脑皮层) 11

cerebral hemispheres(大脑半球) 11, 214 chain shift(链移) 667 Chambers, J. (人名)227

child grammar(儿童语法) 34961 child phonology(儿童音系) 96106 Cherokee切罗基语 119 Chicago(芝加哥) 66

Chinese (汉语)43, 119, 156, 224

Chomsky, N. (人名,乔姆斯基)1, 2, 7, 11, 213, 2456, 314, 325, 377, 407

Chukchee楚克其人[] 1601 circumfix (框架式词缀see confix)

citation form(引用形式,基础形式,原形)


134

clauses(小句)247

bare infinitive(光杆不定试小句) 2756 complement (小句补语)2502, 275, 276 as CPs (充任CPs的小句)279, 280, 282, 283, 293, 304, 349, 356, 361

declarative(陈述小句) 279, 280 finite in German SLI(德语SLI小句中的限定性) 385

finite verb in (小句中的限定动词)251, 2656

force of(小句的语力) 279 function of(小句的功能) 253 in German(德语中的小句) 3214 infinitive(不定式小句) 275, 2768 interrogative (疑问小句)279

main(主要小句,主句) 250, 2801 non-finite verb in(小句中的非定式动词) 251, 2812

v. phrases(小句和短语) 2612 relative(关系小句) 253, 367

in sentence perception(句子感知过程中的小句) 367, 368

tensed (v. untensed)(时态小句和非时态小句) 251

as TPs(小句作为TPs 273, 274, 2756, 278

click studies(点击调查) 3678 cliticisation(附着化) 2746

and copies(附着化和拷贝) 296, 2989 clitics(附着成分) 1501 in Spanish(西班牙语中的附着成分) 151 cluster (see consonant cluster) 音丛(参见辅音丛)

codas of syllables(音节的节尾(音) 7982 in child language(儿童语言中的节尾音) 1045

cognitive effects of utterances(话语的认知效应) 399

cognitive synonymy(认知同义关系或现象) 1745

cognitive system(认知系统)

language as(语言作为认知系统) 114, 409

coherence in discourse(语篇中的连贯) 397 co-hyponyms(共存性下义词/下位词) 172, 209

in Wernicke’s aphasia(维尼克失语症中的共存性下义词) 218

co-indexing(同指标/同标引) 341 Comanche(科曼奇族/语) 225

co-meronyms共存性局部关系词) 174, 208 comment (v. topic)(话题和评述/述题) 249, 281

Communicative Principle of Relevance(交际的关联原则) 399400

communities of practice(实践社群) 52 commutation test(接换测试) 390 competence (v. performance)(语言能力)语言行为/运用)23, 9, 264, 339, 367, 370, 375, 388, 408, 409

complement(补语) 130, 2479, 262 covert(隐性补语)278

interrogative expressions as(疑问表达式充任补语) 297

complementaries(互补性反义词) 176 complementarity(互补性/关系) 176, 1778 complementary distribution(互补分布) 76 complement clause(补语小句) 2502 in German(德语中的补语小句) 322 complement clause question(疑问型补语小句) 299300

complement clause yes-no question是非型疑问补语小句) 303

complementiser(标句词) 135

declarative(陈述句的标句词) 279 empty(空标句词) 27883, 284, 299 interrogative(疑问型标句词) 279 complex sentence(复合句) 2503

compounds(复合词) 14850, 379, 408 in language acquisition (语言习得中的复合词)1912

structural ambiguity in(复合词中的结构歧义) 149

synthetic(合成性复合词) 162 comprehension of language (see sentence comprehension, speech perception)语言理解(参见句子理解、言语感知)


concatenative morphology并置形态学) 163 concept (v. lexical entry)(概念(和词条) 2056, 209, 225, 233

confix(框架词缀/环缀) 162 conjugation (接合)159

consonants(辅音) 2835

categorical perception of (辅音的类别感知)113

syllabic(成音节性辅音) 41

three-term description of(辅音的三个方面的描写) 34, 61

in writing systems (书写系统中的辅音)119

consonant change (辅音变化)614 consonant cluster (辅音丛)41

deletion in(辅音丛中的删除现象) 546 simplification in child language(儿童语言中的辅音丛简化现象) 98 consonant harmony(辅音和谐/辅音的协同发音) 99

consonant insertion(辅音插入) 64 consonant loss(辅音丢失) 63

consonant mutation(辅音变换) 1645 consonantal as phonological feature(作为音系特征的辅音性) 412

constituency tests(成分性测试) 2634 constituents(结构成分) 249, 2634 covert (see empty constituents)(隐性成分(参见空成分)

in sentence comprehension(句子了解中的隐性成分) 366

constraints(限制(条件)

in phonology (音系中的限制条件)901 in syntax 制条263, 31213, 318

Contemporary Standard English (CSE) (当代标准英语311

questions inCSE中的疑问句) 311, 313, 316

strong C inCSE中的强C 314 weak T in CSE中的弱T317, 319 content words (内容词、实词)132

in aphasias (失语症中的内容词或实词)21415

continuous perception of vowels(元音的连续性感知) 11011

contour tone(轮廓调或曲折型声调) 43 contrastive sounds(对立音) 77 control(控制) 276

clause(控制小句) 277, 2823 verbs (控制动词)277 conversation(会话) 245, 388 logic of(会话的逻辑) 3957

Conversational Analysis (CA)(会话分析) 246, 4012

conversational implicature(会话涵义) 397 conversational maxims(会话准则) 3967, 399, 409

conversational particles(会话中的小品词) 400

conversion(词性)转换) 143

Co-operative Principle(合作原则) 396 co-ordinating conjunction(并列连词) 134 co-ordination test(并列关系测试) 2634, 27980, 283, 333

copy (trace) of movement移位拷贝(语迹) 295, 2989, 340 in Child English(儿童英语中的移位拷贝) 295

in sentence perception(句子感知中的移位拷贝) 36870

as variable(移位拷贝作为变量) 341 co-referential interpretation of pronouns(代词的同指阐释) 342, 343 coronal(前舌音/舌冠音) 34 count noun(可数名词) 285

Coupland, N. (人名)53

covert movement (隐性移位)339, 3435 covert question operator(隐性疑问算子) 3023, 324

Crossover Principle(跨越原则) 3434 C Strength ParameterC强度参数) 314 cumulation(堆积现象) 158 Cutler, A.(人名) 207 Czech(捷克(语) 81



data of linguistics(语言学语料/数据) 12, 117, 170


declarative(陈述句/式) 2534, 3945 declension化,尤其格变 1589, 160

default cases in phonology(音系(学)中的缺省情况) 90

definitions(定义) 17981, 193

deictic words(指示性词语) 389, 398 delinking in child phonology(儿童音系中的链接解除现象) 103

demonstratives(指示语) 133 dentals(牙齿,齿音) 31, 109

derivational morphology(派生形态学) 131, 143, 144

in compounds复合词中的派生形态) 150 in language acquisition(语言习得中的派生形态) 1902

Derivational Theory of Complexity (DTC)杂性推导理论) 367 Derivations(派生(式),推导(式) in phonology(音系学中的推导(式) 85 in syntax(句法中的推导(式) 306 despecification in child phonology(儿童音系中的描写(式) 103

determiner phrase (DP)(限定词短语/词组) 262, 2837

in Child English(儿童英语中的限定词词组) 286

determiners (see also articles) (限定词(参见冠词)133, 297

empty(空限定词) 2837

null in Child English (儿童英语中的空限定词)358

as operators(限定词作为算子) 297 prenominal(名词前的限定词) 2867 pronominal(代词性限定词) 2867 quantifying(量化限定词) 2845, 303 in SLI SLI中的限定词)219

Detroit (底特律)52, 66 developmental linguistics发展论语言学) 1, 69

DhoLuo(卢奥语,东苏丹语族,尼罗语支) 164

diachronic method in historical linguistics(历史语言学中的历时方法) 1516

diacritic (附加符号)35 dialect contact(方言接触) 227 dialects(方言)

regional (地域方言)14 rhotic(翘舌音方言) 77 rural (乡村方言)228 social(社会方言)14

urban(城市方言) 228

dictionaries(词典、辞书) 17981 diphthongisation in language change(语言变化中的双元音化) 64 diphthongs(双元音) 389 discourse markers(话语标记) 15 discourses(话语) 245

discrimination experiment辨别力实验) 111 distinctive features(区别性特征) 85, 412, 414

in child phonology(儿童音系中的区别性特征) 101

distribution(分布) 76 dorsals(舌面音) 34

dorsum(舌背、舌面) 31 Do-supportDo支撑) 274

D-projectionsD投射) 287, 349 drag chain(拉链) 67

dual-lexicon model of child phonology(音系学中的双词库模型) 1045

Dutch(荷兰语) 231

Early Modern English (EME)(早期现代英语,初期现代英语

negation inEME中的否定) 31420 null subjects in EME空主31920, 351, 352

questions inEME中的疑问句) 316 strong T inEME中的强T 317

East Anglian English(东盎格鲁英语 63, 645

echo question(回声问) 297, 299 Eckert, P. (人名)512

Economy Principle(经济原则) 3012, 314, 31819, 324

edge’ as target of movement (边缘位置作为移位的目的地)306

education level and language use教育水平和


语言运用/使用) 49

Egyptian cuneiform(古埃及楔形文字) 119 Eimas, P.(人名) 96 elision (省缺)4

ellipsis(省略) 278, 371

Elsewhere Condition(另处原则) 8990 empty constituents (空成分)246, 27186, 407, 408

in psycholinguistics(心理语言学中的空成分) 271

in sentence perception(句子感知中的空成分) 36870

enclitic(后附着) 151

entailment(衍推/蕴含)1701, 3923 environment (context) in phonological rules(音系规则中的环境(语境) 87 errors in speech (言语中的偏误/失误,口误)11417, 199, 2079

Estonian(爱沙尼亚语) 38

ethnic group and language use族群和语言运/使用) 4950

exchanges in speech errors (see also word exchanges) (言语失误中的换位现象(参见词的换位)11 4 16, 11 7

exclamative(感叹句,感叹式) 254 exponent(体现) 145, 1523, 252, 259, 261 extended exponence(扩展了的体现) 159 extraction site(提取部位) 298

Farsi (Persian) (波斯语(波斯语的)49 Fasold, R.(人名) 272 feature matrix (特征矩阵)86 features(特征)

distinctive in phonology(音系学中的区别性特征) 8690, 177

functional in agrammatism(语法缺失中的功能性特征) 3802

morphological(形态特征) 153, 163 semantic(语义特征) 1769

semantic in acquisition(习得中的语义特征) 193

filler-gap dependencies(填充词-空位依存性/关系) 36970

finite (v. non-finite) verb forms(定式(非-式)动词形式) 2513

finiteness in language acquisition (语言习得中的有定性)35961

Finnish (芬兰语)99, 156 flap (闪音)34

flapping(闪音化) 61

floating features(漂移特征) 1014, 106 flouting of conversational maxims(对会话准则的藐视) 397, 399

focus(焦点) 282, 38992 position(位置) 282 focus bar(焦点棒儿) 88 Fodor, J. (人名)201

form (v. lemma)(形式(和内容)

in lexical entries(词条中的形式和内容) 128, 2057

free morphemes (自由语素)140 Frege, G. (人名)338, 339, 344

French (法语)901, 215, 224, 225, 230 frequency effect(频率效应)

in paraphasias(言语错乱中的频率效应) 217, 218

in substitution errors(替换语误中的频率效应) 208

fricatives(擦音) 29, 313 Frisian(弗里斯兰语) 231

Fromkin, V. (人名)207

front vowels (前()元音)36, 10910 functional categories功能语类) 1325, 247, 385

in aphasia失语症中的功能语类) 21417, 37882

comprehension of in agrammatism (语法缺失中功能语类的理解)37880

in language acquisition(语言习得中的功能语类) 1878

and pragmatic presupposition(功能语类和语用预设) 393

production of in agrammatism(语法缺失中功能语类的产生) 378

in SLI SLI中的功能语类)21921 function words(功能词) 132

gapping(功能词缺项) 272 garden-path sentences花园幽径句) 10, 370, 374, 408


gender(性范畴)

errors in agrammatism(语法缺失中的性范畴错误) 380, 3812

errors in SLISLI中的性范畴错误) 385 in Old English(古英语中的性范畴) 233 gender and language use (性范畴和语言的使用/运用)49, 234

generative grammar(生成语法) 4, 245 generative phonology(生成音系学) 978 generic interpretation(通指阐释)

of determiners(限定词的通指阐释) 284 genetic endowment and language(遗传本能与语言) 7, 1314, 188, 311 and language disorders遗传本能与语言错乱) 213

genitive case(领属格) 248, 265, 267, 356, 3601

and possessors in Child English儿童英语中的领属格和领有者) 35961

Georgian alphabet(乔治亚字母表) 119 German德语) 81, 162, 164, 206, 231, 3214 clause structure in(德语中的小句结构) 3214

movement in (德语中移位)3223

operator questions in (德语中的算子疑问句)3234

SLI in(德语中的SLI 3835

strong C in finite clauses in(德语中的强C 323

strong T in finite clauses in德语中的强T 323

yes-no questions in(德语中的是非问句) 324

Germanic (日耳曼语)164, 224, 231 Glides(滑音) 33

global aphasia(全局性失语症) 11 glottal fricative(声门擦音) 33, 47 glottalisation(声门化) 82

glottal plosive (glottal stop) (声门爆破音(声门塞音)34

Goal(目标/终点) 334

Gordon, P. (人名)192

grammar of a language(一种语言的语法) 26, 81, 83, 120, 238, 306, 345, 350, 407

grammatical categories(语法语类)247 in acquisition(习得中的语法语类) 1868 in sentence comprehension(句子理解中的语法语类) 200

grammatical functions(语法功能) 24750, 262

grammatical (morphosyntactic) word(语法(形态-句法)词) 146, 159 Greek (希腊语)160, 225 Greek alphabet(希腊字母表) 119 Grice, P. (人名)3967, 398, 402 Grimshaw, J. (人名)302 Grodzinsky, Y. (人名)3802 gutturals(侯音,腭音) 78 Halliday, M.(人名) 97 hard palate(硬腭) 31 harmony(和谐)

consonant (辅音和谐)99 lateral(边音和谐) 1014 velar(软腭音和谐) 99, 101 vowel(元音和谐) 99100

Hawaiian(夏威夷语) 81 Head(核心成分)

of compounds(复合词的核心) 148 of phrases(短语或词组的核心) 25761 head-driven phrase structure grammar(核心驱动短语结构语法) 246

head first word order核心在首的词序) 321, 350

head last word order(核心在尾的词序) 321 head movement核心移位) 2936, 298, 306 Head Movement Constraint (HMC)(核心移位限制) 318, 324

Head Position Parameter(核心位置参数) 321, 349, 3501, 361

Head Strength Parameter(核心强度参数) 314

Hebrew(希伯莱语)215, 380, 381 Henry, A. (人名)300

high as phonological feature(高舌位作为音系特征) 413

high vowels(高元音) 36, 10910

historical linguistics(历史语言学) 1516 Hoekstra, T. (人名)373


Holmes, J. (人名)49

host for clitic(附着形式的宿主) 151 Hungarian(西班牙语) 38, 99, 156, 224, 267, 360

Hyams, N. (人名)3512, 35961 Hyponyms(下位词) 172 in Wernicke’s aphasia维尼克失语症中的下位词) 218

hyponymy(上下位关系) 1703, 177, 178, 194

Icelandic(冰岛语) 230 Idealisation(理想化) 409

identification experiment(鉴别/识别实验) 11011, 112

identification of null subject(空主语的识别) 320, 352

identity of meaning (see synonymy)(意义的同一性(参见同义关系)

imaging techniques (成像技术)13 imperative (祈使句/式)254, 3945 implicational scale(含义等级) 556 implicit (understood) subject(隐性(理解出来的)主语) 277, 351 incomplete phrase未完成短语/词组) 2612 incorporation(并入) 1601

independence of language faculty(语言能力的独立性) 11, 377

indirect speech acts(间接言语行为) 3945 inferences in conversation(会话中的推理) 400

infinite nature of language(语言的无限性) 34, 260

infinitive(不定式) 134

infinitive particle(不定式小品词) 25960 as non-finite T(不定式作为非有定的T 259 infinitive phrase (不定式短语/词组)259 infix(中缀) 163

INFL as grammatical category屈折语素作为语法的语类) 261

inflection (屈折)143

in English英语中的屈折) 137 in grammar(语法中的屈折) 136 inflectional categories(屈折语类) 136 as deictic屈折语类终于哦为指示语) 389

inflectional errors(屈折错误)

in agrammatism (语法缺失中的屈折错

误)378

in SLISLI中的屈折错误) 21921, 385 inflectional formative(屈折的构成) 145 inflectional languages(屈折语) 156, 1589, 160

inflectional morphology(屈折形态学) 143, 1448

in compounds (复合词中的屈折形态学)150

in language acquisition(语言习得中的曲折形态学) 187, 18892

inflectional paradigms in aphasia失语症中的屈折变化表) 216

inflectional properties(屈折特征) 137 inflectional rules see morphological processes(屈折规则)(参见形态过程) inflectional systems (屈折系统)156 informational encapsulation(信息封装) 201 ‘information’ in categories(语类中的信息) 1956

information structure(信息结构) 3901 innateness hypothesis(内在性假说) 7, 11, 213, 34950, 361, 408

input representations in child phonology (儿童音系中的输入表达式)1036

Instrument(工具/用事) 333

interaction and variation(互动和变异) 54 interdentals (齿间音)31

interrogative(疑问(句) 2534, 3945 interrogative complement 299300, 303

interrogative interpretation(疑问句阐释)3002, 341

interrogative operator(疑问算子) 3023 intonation(语调) 434

intonational change (语调变化)712 Inuit(因纽特语) 119

inversion(倒置、倒装)

in questions 2946, 300, 316, 322

in varieties of English英语变异中的倒置) 31114


IPA (International Phonetic Association)国际语音学会)2744, 411

Irish Gaelic (爱尔兰盖尔语)225 Irony(反语) 397

Iroquoian(伊洛魁语的) 161 isolating languages(孤立语) 156, 157 Italian(意大利语) 214, 224, 230, 380 aphasic speech in(意大利语中的失语症者的言语) 215, 380, 3812

Jamaican Vernacular English (JVE)(牙买加英语土语) 31314

weak C in(牙买加英语土语中的弱C 314

Japanese(日语) 38, 78, 81, 160

topic marking in(日语中的话题) 3912 Jones, D. (人名)27

labelled bracketing(带标签的加方括弧法) 141, 258

labelled tree diagram(带标签的树形图) 1412, 258

labials(唇音) 34

labiodentals(唇齿音) 31

Labov, W. (人名)16, 56, 578, 667, 68, 70 language contact(语言接触) 227

language change(语言变化) 1516, 568, 6172

language disorders(语言错乱) 1114, 408 Language Faculty(语言官能) 79, 280, 34950

language games(语言游戏 117 language shift(语言变换) 15 language use(语言运用)

and the structure of society(语言运用与社会结构) 1416

language variation(语言变异) 15

laryngeal fricative (see glottal fricative)(喉擦音(参见声门擦音) larynx(喉) 28

Lashley, K.(人名) 11617

lateral as phonological feature(边音作为音系特征) 413

lateral harmony(边音和谐) 1014 laterals(边音) 33

in child phonology(儿童音系中的边音)

1004

Latin(拉丁语) 15760, 165, 224, 225, 391 Latin alphabet (拉丁语字母(表)119 lax vowels(松元音) 38, 77 lemma(词条的内容) 2057

retrieval of(词条内容的恢复) 2079 lesions of the brain(大脑的损伤) 11 levels of linguistic analysis(语言分析的层次/级) 767, 78, 106, 120 Levelt, P.(人名) 205

level tones(直线调,水平调) 43 lexeme (词位)1434, 145, 146, 205 lexical attrition(词汇磨损) 228

lexical categories(词汇语类) 12932, 247 lexical diffusion(词汇扩散) 6870 lexical entry词条) 4, 78, 128, 129, 131, 138, 1478, 152, 170, 1768, 1912, 21920, 238, 287, 335, 407

v. concept(词条和概念) 205, 225 lexical functional grammar (词汇功能语法)245

lexical gap(词汇空缺) 174 lexical learning(词汇学习) 349 lexical recognition(词汇认知) 2013, 2079 lexical stress (see word stress)词汇重音)见词重音)

lexical substitutions in speech errors(语误中的词汇替换) 207

lexical tone(词调) 43

lexical verbs(词汇性动词) 133

lexicon(词库)4, 128, 131, 1378, 1478, 1706, 199, 203, 21718, 238, 345, 354, 407 grammatical properties in(词库中的语法特征) 4, 147

phonological properties in(词库中的音系特征) 4, 147

psycholinguistics and(心理语言学和词库) 20410

semantic properties in (语义特征)4, 147 LF component of a grammar(语法的LF分) 5, 407

Linear B(线性B 119

linguistically determined variation(由语言决定着的变异,语言性质的变异) 546


linguistic experience of the child(儿童的语言经验) 78

linguistic variables and language use (语言的可变性和语言应用) 4758 Linking Rules(链接规则) 335

Liquids(流音) 33

Literary Welsh (威尔士文学语言)1645 Litotes(间接肯定法) 397 Liverpool(利物浦) 63

local attachment preferences(局部附加优势)3723

localisation of brain function(大脑功能的侧化) 1113

Location(处所,位置) 334

Logical Form (LF) (逻辑形式)5, 246, 330, 33945, 407

logical object (逻辑宾语)5

logical subject(逻辑主语) 5, 374

logic of conversation(会话逻辑) 3957 London(伦敦) 65

long vowels(长元音) 378

low as phonological feature(低舌位作为音系特征) 413

low vowels(低元音) 36, 10910 McMahon, A. (人名)2323 McNeill, D. (人名)286 Malay(马来语) 224

Manner, Maxim of(方式,方式准则) 397 manner of articulation(发音方式) 2930, 33 and language change(发音方式和语音变化) 623

Maori(毛利语) 161, 225

Maximal Onset Principle(首音最大化原则) 82

Meaning(意义)

in sentence perception(句子感知中的意义) 200

meaning inclusion ( see also hyponymy) (意义包含(参见上下位关系)172, 178 meaning opposites(意义对立) 1756 memory for syntax(句法记忆) 366 merger(合并) 25762, 306, 345, 407 constraints on (合并的条件限制)264 meronyms(部分关系词) 174

meronymy(整体-部分关系) 1734, 208 metalanguage(元语言) 3367, 339 Meyerhoff, M. (人名)51

mid closed vowels(中闭元音/半闭元音) 38 Middle English(中古英语 231

mid open vowels(中开元音/半开元音) 38 mid vowels(中元音) 36 Milroy, J.(人名) 51 Milroy, L.(人名) 51

minimal pair(最小比对) 756 minimal responses(小型应对语) 15 modifiers in compounds复合词中的修饰语) 148

monophthongisation(单元音化)645 monophthongs(单元音) 38

monosyllabic words(单音节词) 41 mood and speech acts(语气和言语行为) 3945

morphemes(语素) 1403

in aphasia(失语症中的语素) 21417 bound(粘着语素) 140

free(自由语素) 140

as minimal linguistic sign (语素作为最小的语言符号)140, 145

morphological change(形态变化)2337 morphological development in children (儿童的形态发展)18892

morphological irregularity (形态的不规则性)137

morphological operations(形态操作) 1625 morphological processes形态过程) 14050, 15765, 407

dissociation of in SLISLI中的形态的分离) 21920

as features(形态作为特征) 153

phonological conditioning of(形态的音系限制) 152, 220

realisations of(形态的实现) 152 voicing as(浊化作为形态) 164 vowel change as(作为形态的元音变化) 1634

morphological properties in sentence perception (句子感知中的形态特征)200 morphological variation(形态变异) 2337


social contact and (社会接触和形态变异)237

morphology(形态学) 140, 165

phonological processes in(形态学中的音系过程) 1625

morphs(形素) 152

motor control (运动神经控制)109, 113 movement in syntax (句法中的移位)246, 293306, 340

covert(句法中的隐性移位) 345, 407 in German(德语中句法移位) 3223 overt(显性句法移位) 345, 407 in sentence comprehension(句子理解过程中的句法移位) 366

Myhill, J. (人名)237

Nahuatl (那瓦特语)161, 224

narrow transcription(严式音标) 77

nasal as phonological feature(鼻音作为音系特征) 85, 412

nasalisation(鼻音化) 401 nasals(鼻,鼻音) 30

native speakers as sources of data(母语者作为语言数据的来源) 1

natural classes in phonology(音系中的自然类) 889

Navajo纳瓦霍语 83, 160 Negation(否定) 133

in Child English儿童英语中的否定) 104 in CSECSE中的否定) 312, 31420 in EMEEME中的否定) 31420 negative concord in AAVEAAVE中的否定一致) 312

negative operator(否定算子) 297

Neogrammarians(新语法学派学者) 68 Neurolinguistics(神经语言学) 1, 1114 neutral context in lexical decision task(词汇确定任务中的中性语境) 202

new (v. old) information(新信息和旧信息) 390

New York(纽约) 57 New Zealand English新西兰英语 66, 712, 227, 230

nodes in tree diagrams(树形图中的节点) 258

nominal phrases(名词性短语/词组) in Child English(儿童英语中的名词性词组或短语) 35861

as D-projections(名词性短语或词组作为D投射) 286, 287, 349, 358, 361

nominative case主格) 248, 251, 2656, 356, 360

in AAVEAAVE中的主格) 272

nominative subjects in Child English(儿童语言中的主格主语) 3558

noun incorporation(名词并入) 161 nouns(名词) 12930

and derivational morphology(名词和派生形态学) 144

in language acquisition(语言习得中的名词) 186, 1926

and person(名词和人称) 135

in taxonomies(分析体系中的名词) 173 non-concatenative morphology(非并置形态学) 165

non-count nouns(非复数名词) 285 non-finite clauses(非定式小句)

in Child English(儿童英语中的非定式小句) 35361

non-finite (v. finite) verb forms(非定式(和定式)动词形式) 2513

in German SLI(德语SLI中的非定式动词形式) 3845 non-rhotic dialects非翘舌音方言) 378, 57 non-standard dialects(非标准方言) 15 non-words(非词)

perception of (非词的感知)2067 Norfolk诺福克66, 228

Northern Cities Chain Shift(北城市链移)667, 68

Northern English(北部英语 65, 69 Norwich诺威奇 49, 235

nucleus of syllable(音节的节核) 41, 79 null constituents (see empty constituents)(空结构成分(参见空成分)

null determiners(空限定词) 2837 in Child English(儿童英语中的空限定词) 358

null infinitive particle空不定式小品词) 275


null operator questions in Child English(儿童英语中的空疑问算子) 352

null subject language (空主语语言)320, 351 null subject parameter空主语参数) 31920, 349, 352, 353, 361

null subjects(空主语)

in Child English(儿童英语中的空主语) 352

in Child Italian(儿童意大利语中的空主语) 353

identification of空主语的识别) 320, 352 in Japanese(日语中的空主语) 392 in non-finite clauses非定式小句中的空主语) 35361

in wh-questionswh-疑问句中的空主语) 3534

number(数) 134 errors in agrammatism(语法缺失中的数范畴错误) 380

errors in SLISLI中的数范畴错误) 219 object(宾语) 137

objective case (see also accusative case)(宾格) 248

object language(对象语言) 3367, 339 obstruents(阻塞音)34, 79

Old English(古英语 230, 231, 232, 233, 236

Old French (古法语)229, 231

old (v. new) information(旧信息) 390 Old Norse古斯堪的那维亚语 230 omissions in speech errors(言语失误中的省减现象) 115

onsets of syllables(音节的首音) 7982 in child language(儿童语言中的节首音) 104

in poetic systems艺术表达手段系统中的节首音) 118

in speech errors(言语失误中的节首音) 115

operator expressions(算子表达) 297, 340 in German(德语中的算子表达) 323 operator movement(算子移位) 297302, 304, 306

Optimality Theory(优选论) 901

Optional Infinitive (OI) stage(不定式选择性使用阶段) 3578

orthographic representation(规范书写法,字法表示法) 84

orthography ( see also writing systems) 正字法(参见书写系统)27

output representations in child phonology (儿童音系中的输出表达式)1036

overextension in children’s word use(儿童词语运用中的泛化现象) 1923, 232 overregularisation(过渡规则化)

lack of in SLISLI中过渡规则化的缺乏) 220

in morphological development(形态发展中的过渡规则化) 190

palatals(腭音,舌面中音) 31

palato-alveolars(舌面-齿龈音) 31 paragrammatism(语法倒错型言语障碍)377, 3823, 385

parallel-interactive processing models (平行-交互式处理模式)199204

parameters(参数0 31424

in language acquisition(语言习得中的参数) 34954

parameter setting(参数设定) 3504 parametric variation(参数变异) 31424 paraphasia(语言错乱) 21415, 21719 parser(语法分析器) 9, 3725 locality and局部性和语法分析器) 3735 parsing(句法分析) 366

partitive interpretation of determiners(限定词的部分释义) 284, 303

partwhole relationship (see meronymy)(部分-整体关系(参见整体-部分关系) passive articulator(被动发音体) 31 passive construction(被动结构) 3045 passive participle(被动分词) 137, 146, 148 in German(德语中的被动分词) 162 passive voice(被动语态) 137, 146, 305 passivisation(被动化) 306 past participle(过去分词) 136

past tense morpheme in acquisition(习得过程中的过去时语素) 18990

Patient (see Affected Object)(受事(参见受


影响的宾语)

peak of syllable (see nucleus)节峰(参见音核)

pejoration and semantic change (意义贬化和语义变化)231

perception of language (see sentence comprehension, speech perception)语言感知(参见句子理解,言语感知)

perfect aspect(完成体) 136, 146, 252, 261 perfect auxiliary (v. causative verb)完成体助词(和致使动词) 2745

perfect participle(完成体分词) 136, 148, 1523

in German(德语中的完成体分词) 162 performance (v. competence) (语言行为/用(和语言能力)3, 9, 367, 370, 375, 388, 408, 409

performatives(施为句) 394

performative verbs(施为动词) 394 perseverations in speech errors(言语错误中的重复症) 115, 117

person(人称) 134

PF component of a grammar(语法的PF分) 78, 84, 120

pharyngeals(咽,咽部音)35 Philadelphia(费城) 64, 237 Phoenician腓尼基语119

Phonemes(音位) 758, 110 Phones(音素) 767

phonetic conditioning of sound change(声音变化的语音限制) 68

phonetic form (PF)(语音部分) 45, 407 phonetic transcription(音标) 2744

phonological component of a grammar (see also PF component of a grammar) (语法的音系部分(参见语法的PF部分)5, 345, 407 phonological features(音系特征) 8590 phonological perception in children儿童的音系感知) 96, 97, 1006

phonological processes(音系过程 45, 825, 8690, 407

context-free(语境自由音系过程) 99 context-sensitive(语境敏感音系过程) 99 in language acquisition(语言习得中的音

系过程) 97106

in morphology 1625

pronunciation rules as(发音规则作为音系过程)104

selection rules as(选择规则作为音系过程) 104

phonological production in children(儿童的音系产生) 968, 1006

phonological rules(音系规则) 98106 phonological variation(音系变异) 4758 phonology(音系/音系学) 5

phonotactic constraints语音构型限制) 801 phrasal affix(附加在词组或短语上的语缀) 1501

phrasal stress(词组或短语重音) 42 phrase (v. clause) (短语或词组(和小句)254, 25760

in sentence perception(句子感知中的短语或词组) 367

pitch(音高) 424

place of articulation(发音部位) 313

and language change(发音部位和语言变化) 62

and phonological features(发音部位和音系特征) 86

plosives(爆破音) 29

plural morpheme(表复数的语素)

in acquisition 1889

in SLISLI中表复数的语素) 220 poetic devices艺术表达手段) 11719 polarity items(极性词项) 303 Polish(波兰语) 83 Politeness(礼貌) 15 Pollard, C.(人名) 246 Polysemy(多义) 232

polysyllabic words(多音节词) 41, 81 polysynthetic languages多式综合语) 1601 possessives(所有格)

in AAVEAAVE中的所有格) 237 poverty of the stimulus argument(刺激贫乏证据) 8

pragmatics(语用学) 245, 246, 388400


predicate(谓语,谓词) 247

prefix(前缀) 106, 140

prepositional phrase (PP)(介词短语或词组) 262, 263, 315, 331

in Child English(儿童英语中的介词短语或词组) 350

prepositions(介词) 131, 144, 334 in language acquisition(语言习得中的介词) 187

present participle(现在分词) 136 presupposition(预设) 3924

and information structure(预设和信息结构) 391, 394

logical(逻辑预设) 393

pragmatic(语用预设) 3934 prevocalic voicing(元音前浊化) 99 primed context in lexical decision tasks(词汇确定任务中的待发语境) 203

priming experiments(启动实验) 202 Principle of Compositionality(合成性原则) 3302, 337, 338

Principles and Parameters Theory (PPT) (原-参数理论)325, 345, 34950, 354 pro 319

in child language儿童语言中的原则-参数理论) 3512

PRO(大指代) 2768, 2823, 320, 368 in child language(儿童语言中的大指代) 3534, 361

probe recognition tasks(探测词识别任务) 36970

proclitic(前附着形式) 151

progressive aspect(进行体) 136, 146

progressive participle(进行体小品词) 136, 146

in acquisition(习得中的进行体小品词) 18990

projection(投射) 258 pronouns(代词) 134, 248

and context(代词和语境) 388400

as determiners(代词作为限定词) 2857 interpretations of(代词的阐释) 342 personal(人称代词) 134 relative(关系代词) 253

in SLISLI中的代词) 219

propositional attitude verbs(命题态度动词) 174

propositions (v. utterances v. sentences)(命题(和话语片断及句子) 389 prosodic phenomena(韵律现象) 414 prototypes(原型或类典型) 1812, 20910 in Wernicke’s aphasia(维尼克区失语症中的原型) 217

pseudo-cleft sentences(假分裂句) 282 psycholinguistics(心理语言学) 1 Puerto Rican English(波多黎各英语 55 push chain(推链) 67

Quality(质), Maxim of(质准则) 396 quality in vowels(元音音质) 37

quantificational DPs(量化DPs 330, 339, 341

Quantity(量), Maxim of(量准则) 396 quantity in vowels(元音中的量) 37 question operator(疑问算子) 3023, 324 questions(疑问(句) in Child English儿童英语中的疑问(句) 352, 3534

in CSECSE中的疑问(句) 316 in EMEEME中的疑问(句) 316 formation of(疑问(句)的构成) 133 in German(德语中的疑问(句) 3234 interpretation as (作为疑问句加以解释)3002

wh-in-situ(疑问词在原位的疑问句) 297 yes-no(是非问句) 3023, 3234

ranking of constraints(限制的等级) 901 rapidity of first language acquisition(第一语言习得的迅捷性) 6

r’-colouring(翘舌色彩) 39

reactivation of copies(拷贝的再激活) 370 realisation of morphological processes(形态过程的再实现) 152

Received Pronunciation (RP)规范发音) 36, 69

recency effects in psycholinguistics心理语言学中的近因效应) 369 recipient(接受者) 379 recursion(递归)


in compounds(复合词中的递归性) 148 in sentence structure(句子结构中的递归性) 260

redundancy in feature specifications(特征刻画中的冗余性) 85, 87 reduplication(冗余现象) 163 reflexives(卷舌音) 2778

register(语域) 226

regularity of sound change(语音变化的规律性) 678

Relation(相关性), Maxim of(相关准则) 396, 398

Relevance Theory(关联理论) 398400, 402, 409

resonance(共鸣、共振) 28 retroflex(卷舌(现象) 33, 35 rhetoric(修辞的) 395

rhyme (rime) (韵,押韵)79 in poetry(诗歌中的押韵) 118 Rips, L.(人名) 210

Rizzi, L. (人名)280, 3523 Roberts, I. (人名)302 Romance(罗曼语) 151 Root(词根) 140, 145 Rosch, E. (人名)196

rounded as phonological feature(圆唇作为音系特征) 413

rounding(圆唇) 36, 3940

rule deficit hypothesis in SLISLI中的规则缺损假说) 21920

Russell, B. (人名)338

Russian(俄语) 38, 160, 214, 215, 224, 381 Sacks, H. (人名)398 Sag, I. (人名)246

Samoan(萨摩亚人() 161

scan-copier model of speech production (言语产生的扫描-拷贝模型)11617 schwa vowel(央元音) 36, 83 segments(音段) 41, 75

in speech errors(语误中的音段) 114, 11819

in writing systems(书写系统或文字系统中的音段) 11819

selection(选择) 264, 2668, 345

selectional properties of auxiliaries(助动词的选择特征) 267

selective impairment of brain function(大脑功能的选择性损伤) 11, 216 Sells, P. (人名)311

semantic broadening(语义的夸大) 230 semantic change (语义变化)22833 semantic component of a grammar(语法的语义部分) 345, 407

semantic comprehension(语义理解) 200, 408

semantic narrowing(语义的缩小) 231 semantic similarity(语义的相似性) rating of (语义相似率)210

in Wernicke’s aphasia(维尼克失语症中的语义相似性) 21819

semantics in acquisition(习得的语义学) 1926

sentence comprehension(句子理解) 36674 sentencepicture matching task(句子-图画匹配任务)37980

sentence processing(句子处理)

strategies of (句子处理策略)3704 sentences (v. utterances v. propositions)(句子(和话语片断及命题) 389 Senufo(赛努夫语) 81 Separation Hypothesis(分割假说) 153, 156, 165

Serbo-Croatian(塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语) 43 serial-autonomous processing models (序列自动处理模型)199204

Shakespearian English (see Early Modern English)(莎士比亚英语(参见早期现代英语)

short-term memory (短时记忆)366, 369, 3734

short vowels(短元音) 367

Sign Languages(符号语言) 25

social class and language use(社会阶层与语言使用) 48

social contact and morphological variation(社会接触和形态变异) 237

social nature of language(语言的社会属性) 1


social network links(社会网络链) 51, 237 sociolinguistics(社会语言学) 1416 sociological variables(社会变量) 4752 soft palate (see velum)(软腭) sonorant as phonological feature(响音作为音系特征) 412

sonorants(响音) 34, 79

sonority(响度) 80

sonority principle(响度原则) 801 sound change(语音变化)568, 6172 sound source(声源) 28 Source (源点,来源)334

South African English(南部非洲英语68 Spanish(西班牙语)0 83, 151, 160, 389 species-specificity of the language faculty(语言官能的物种特异性) 89

Specific Language Impairment (SLI) (特定/特异性语言损伤)1314, 213,21921, 377, 3835, 408

dissociations inSLI 21920

therapy for SLI治疗)383, 384, 385 word order and 3835

specifier (标示语)262, 281, 297, 299, 300, 315, 322, 323

specifierhead agreement(标示语-核心一致关系) 265, 353

speech acts(言语行为) 38

indirect(间接言语行为) 3945 speech perception(言语感知) 10913 speech production(言语生成) 109, 11317, 2079

mechanisms of (言语生成机制)2841 Sperber, D. (人名)398, 402 spirantisation(螺旋化) 623

spoonerisms (斯布讷现象)11415 spreading(散布,扩展) 101

stable sociolinguistic variables(稳态社会变量) 16

stable variation(稳态变异) 2345 standard languages(标准语) 15

stem(词干) 145, 147 stem-based inflection基于词干的屈折) 160, 215, 216

stopping in child phonology儿童音系中的塞音化)99

stops(塞音) 86

stories(故事,新闻报道) 245

Stray Deletion (Stray Erasure) (离群者删除(离群者擦除)105 Stress(重音) 5, 412

in language change(语言变化中的重音) 701

and phonological alternations(重音和音系交替或更替) 83

phrasal(词组或短语的重音) 42 secondary(次重音) 42 word(词重音) 42

in word recognition(词识别中的重音) 200

strident as phonological feature(锐音,强噪音作为音系特征) 412

structural ambiguity(结构歧义)

in compounds (复合词中的结构歧义)149 in sentence processing(句子处理中的结构歧义) 3703

in sentences(句子中的结构歧义) 3312 structural continuity in language acquisition(语言习得中的结构连续性) 354, 357, 361

structural learning(结构的学习)

as parameter setting(结构的学习作为参数设定) 349

stylistic variation(风格变异) 534 subject (主语)130, 137, 2479, 262 empty (空主语)(see pro and PRO) in passives(被动句中的主语) 3056 subject-centred languages(主语突出型语言) 392

subordinate level of categorisation(范畴化的下位层级) 1946

in Wernicke’s aphasia(维尼克失语症中的范畴化下位层级) 21718

substitutions in speech errors语误中的替换) 115, 207, 208

suffix(后缀) 140

Suffolk 228

suggestions(建议行为) 394


Sumerian cuneiform(苏美尔楔形文字) 119 Superordinate(上位的) 172, 208

superordinate level of categorisation(范畴化的上位层级) 1946

in Wernicke’s aphasia(维尼克失语症中范畴化的上位层级) 21718 suppletion(异干互补) partial(部分异干互补) 152 total (整体异干互补)152

suprasegmental change(超音段变化) 702 suprasegmental level (超音段层级)41 suprasegmentals(超音段特征) 414 surface representation (surface form) (表层表达式(表层形式)845, 8690 in child phonology(儿童音系中的表层表达式) 102, 106

Swahili(斯瓦希里语) 160

syllabification(音节划分,划分音节) 812 syllables(音节)41, 7882

in child phonology(儿童音系中的音节) 99

in poetry(诗歌中的音节) 118

in speech errors (语误中的音节)115, 11617

in writing systems(书写系统中的音节) 119

syllable templates in child phonology(儿童音系中音节的模型) 1045

synchronic method in historical linguistics (see also apparent-time method)(历史语言学中的共时方法(参见视时方法) 16 syncretism(综合现象) 159

synonymy (同义关系)1745, 209

syntactic component of a grammar(语法中的句法部分) 4, 407

syntactic disorders(句法错乱) 377 and language comprehension(句法错乱和语言理解) 377

and language production(句法错乱和语言产生) 377

syntactic illusions(句法幻象) 374 syntactic parameters(句法参数) 31424 syntactic variation(句法变异) 31120, 409 tableaux in Optimality Theory (优选论中的

图表)91

Tagalog(他加禄语) 1623

tag questions(附加疑问句) 2734 tap(闪音) 34

taxonomy (分类体系)1723, 181, 1945, 21718

-t/-d deletion-t/-d删除)546

Tehran(德黑兰) 49

telegraphic speech in Broca’s aphasia(布洛卡失语症中的电报言语) 214, 217, 381 tense(时) 259

as constituent of clauses(时作为小句的结构成分) 25960

as deictic(时作为指示语) 389 empty(空时) 2716, 284

finite (v. non-finite)(有定的时(和无定的时) 259, 261, 2656 marking in Child English(儿童英语中的时标记) 3578

tense phrase (TP)(时短语) 25960, 2612, 264

incomplete (T’) (不完整的时短语)262, 264

tense vowels(紧元音) 38, 77 texts(篇章) 245

thematic (θ-) roles (题元角色)3335 Theme(主题) 334, 379

third person singular present morpheme(第三人称单数现在时语素)

in acquisition (习得中的第三人称单数现在时语素)18990

allomorphy in(第三人称单数现在时语素的形位变体) 220

in SLISLI中的第三人称单数现在时语素)220

tone (声调)423

tone languages(声调语言) 43 Tongan(东干语) 161

tongue twisters(绕口令) 114

topic (v. comment) (话题(和评述)249, 281, 322, 38992

topicalisation (话题化)306

topic-centred languages (话题突出型语言)392


topiccomment articulation(话题-评述接合) 391

trace of movement (see copy)(移位的语迹(参见拷贝)

transition problem in historical linguistics(历史语言学中的过渡问题) 61,

6770

transition relevant places(转化关联位置) 401

Travis, L. (人名)318

tree structures in sentence comprehension(句子理解中的数结构) 366

Trudgill, P. (人名)49, 235

truncation(截除现象) 3523, 361 truth conditions(真值条件) 3369, 344, 388 T Strength ParameterT强度参数) 317, 349 T-to-C movement TC的移位)295, 313, 316

in AAVEAAVETC的移位) 312 in German(德语中TC的移位) 3223 Turkish(土耳其语) 99100, 1567, 1578, 224, 391

turn-taking in conversation(会话中的话轮转换) 4002

umlaut(元音变音) 164

underlying representations底层表达 835, 8690

in child phonology(儿童语言中的底层表达式) 101, 102, 106, 140

underspecification(欠刻画,未细化) of functional categories in agrammatism(语法缺失现象中功能语类的欠刻画现象) 3802

of functional categories in Child(儿童语言中的欠刻画现象)

English英语的欠刻画现象) 361 of phonological features(音系特征的欠刻画现象) 87

uniformity in first language acquisition(第一语言习得中的无差异性) 6

Uniformity Principle(一致性原则) 2801 Universal Grammar (UG)(普遍语法) 6, 87, 90, 232, 287, 311, 377, 408

principles of(普遍语法的原则) 8, 280,

318, 325, 349, 354, 358, 359, 361

universals in sociolinguistics (社会语言学中的普遍性)16

utterances (v. sentences v. propositions) 话语片断(和句子及命题)3889 uvulars(小舌音)35 Valian, V. (人名)353

variables in information structure (信息结构中的变量)3901

variables in LFLF中的变量) 3389, 340, 341

variables in sociolinguistics社会语言学中的变量) 15

variation(变异)

age and (年龄和变异)2356

interactional determination of(变异的互动决定性) 54

lexical(词汇变异) 409

linguistic determination of(变异的语言决定性) 546

morphological(形态变异) 2337 parametric(参数的变异) 31424 phonological(音系的变异) 409

social contact and (社会接触与变异)237 stable(稳定性变异) 2345 stylistic(风格变异) 534

syntactic(句法变异) 246, 31120 velars(软腭音) 31 velum(软腭) 30

verb phrase (VP)(动词短语)2578, 264 in Child English(儿童英语中的动词短语) 350

verbs(动词) 12930

base form of(动词的基础形式) 135, 2523, 2667

and derivational morphology(动词和派生形态学) 144

-d form of(动词的-d形式) 136, 146, 252 infinitive form(动词的不定式) 253 inflectional categories of(动词的屈折范畴) 136

-ing form of(动词的-ing形式) 136, 1467, 252, 2667

intransitive(不及物动词) 137


in language acquisition(语言习得中的动词) 187

morphological properties in English英语中动词的形态特性) 1357

-n form of (动词的-n形式)136, 146, 252, 2667, 305

-s form of(动词的-s形式) 135, 252 in taxonomies(分类体系中的动词) 173 tense and(时和动词) 136 transitive(及物动词) 137 Vietnamese(越南语) 156 vocal cords (vocal folds)(声带) 28 vocal tract (声道)28, 30

voice box (see larynx)(音箱(参见喉) voiced as phonological feature浊作为音系特征) 85, 413

Voice Onset Time (VOT) (浊音起始时间)11213 Voicing(浊化) 34

change as morphological process浊化作为形态过程) 164

in child language(儿童语言中的浊化) 99 in language change (语言变化中的浊化)612

and speech perception(浊化和言语感知)112

vowel change as morphological process(元音变化作为形态过程) 1634 vowel length(元音的音长) 77 vowel reduction(远因弱化) 845 vowels(元音) 29, 3641

continuous perception of(元音的连续感知) 11011

in language change(语言变化中的元音) 647

mergers(元音合并) 656 quality in(元音的音质) 37 quantity in(元音中的音量) 37 splits(元音分裂/分裂) 65

V-to-T movement in EMEEMEVT的移位) 31617, 320, 352

Wellington(华盛顿) 49 Wernicke, C. (人名)13 Wernicke’s aphasia维尼克失语症) 21415,

21719, 377, 3823

Wernicke’s area(维尼克区) 13 Wexler, K. (人名)357 wh-in-situ questions疑问词留在原位的疑问句) 297

wh-movement(疑问词移位) 298 wh-operator(疑问算子) 297 Wilson, D. (人名)398, 402 Wisbech(威斯贝奇) 70

word-association experiments(词关联实验)209

word-based inflection基于词的屈折)15960, 216

word exchanges(词语调换) 207, 208 in paragrammatism(语法倒错性言语障碍中的词调换) 382

word-finding difficulties in paragrammatism(语法倒错言语障碍中的找词困难) 383 word form(词的形式) 1434, 146, 159 word formation(词的构成) 131

word/non-word decision tasks(词/非词判定任务) 2023

word order(词序)

acquisition of (词序的习得)3501 differences(词序差异) 31119, 3214 errors in SLI(特定语言损伤中的词序) 3835

words(词) 1278

in aphasia(失语症中的词)128, 21419 in language acquisition(语言习得中的词) 128

word stress(词重音) 42

writing systems(书写系统) 117, 119 written languages(书面语) 25 Yawelmani(雅维尔玛尼语) 81

Yes-no questions(一般疑问句) 3023 in German (德语中的一般疑问句)325 in EME(初期现代英语中的一般疑问句) 316

yod-droppingyod脱落) 63 Yoruba(亚鲁巴语) 40, 42 Index(索引) 433


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